Posttransplant acute limbic encephalitis is a rare, acquired, non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis disorder, that develops in the setting of treatment-related immunosuppression, typically after allogeneic hemapoietic stem cell transplantation, characterized by onset of confusion, headache, anterograde amnesia, seizures and/or loss of consciousness 2-6 weeks following transplantation. Bilateral, non-enhancing T2 hyperintensities in limbic structures are observed on magnetic resonance imaging. Mild cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion may also be associated.
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